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(1) According to the distribution area, the carbon deposits in jet holes can be divided into three categories: carbon deposits at the exit, carbon deposits of large particles in pores and carbon in the inner wall area of pores. The shape of the carbon deposition at the outlet is regular and evenly distributed around the outlet in an arc shape.

Carbon deposits show different states of compact and fluffy. The large particles in the pore have less carbon accumulation and irregular shape. The carbon in the inner wall of the hole leads to the increase of wall roughness and less carbon accumulation, and the exit side of the hole is more obvious than the entrance side.

(2) By scanning electron microscopy, it can be found that the bottom carbon is spherical, spherical particles are closely arranged, the structure is complex, the size is from a few microns to tens of microns; The surface carbon is connected as a whole, the structure is compact, and the surface is relatively neat and flat; Carbon deposits are mainly composed of C and O atoms, with a small number of Si, Fe, K, Mo, Cl and Cr atoms. The main sources of carbon deposition components are diesel combustion products, oil and its additives and metal particles.

(3) Different positions, shapes and sizes of jet hole carbon deposition have different effects on the flow in the hole and spray characteristics.