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Oil pumps are core components of hydraulic and internal combustion engine lubrication systems, and their performance directly impacts system stability and reliability. During actual operation, oil pumps inevitably generate flow pulsation. This pulsation not only causes pressure fluctuations and noise, but can also lead to increased vibration of hydraulic components, reduced system efficiency, and even shortened equipment life. Therefore, studying the characteristics and suppression methods of oil pump flow pulsation is of great theoretical and engineering significance.

Mechanically, flow pulsation primarily arises from two factors: First, the discontinuity of pump chamber volume changes. For example, during gear engagement and disengagement, gear pumps experience periodic fluctuations in instantaneous volume, causing flow variations. Similarly, plunger pumps experience dramatic instantaneous flow fluctuations when the plunger enters and exits the flow distribution port. Second, the inherent compressibility of hydraulic oil and the effects of elastic elements in the oil circuit further amplify flow pulsation, propagating it through the pipeline as pressure waves.

To suppress flow pulsation, a variety of methods have been proposed in academia and industry, with structural optimization being the most common approach. Improving the gear pump's tooth profile, such as using helical or double-arc involute gears or performing tooth tip modification, can mitigate meshing shock and reduce transient flow fluctuations. For plunger pumps, optimizing the shape and angle of the port plate slots often results in smoother oil suction and discharge.

Additional component suppression is also an effective approach. Installing an accumulator, damper, or pulsation absorber at the pump outlet can offset some of the pulsating pressure by utilizing the compression and energy release properties of the oil. In recent years, composite-based vibration damping tubes and multi-chamber accumulators have garnered attention, demonstrating excellent vibration absorption.

Furthermore, the application of control strategies is also evolving. With the prevalence of electronic control and intelligent technology, variable-displacement pump control can achieve real-time adjustment of flow output, thereby avoiding drastic fluctuations. Some research has also introduced active control methods, using sensors to monitor flow pulsation signals and then using controllers to drive motors or valves to compensate, achieving dynamic pulsation suppression.

Generally speaking, oil pump flow pulsation is the result of a combination of structural characteristics and fluid dynamics. Its suppression can be achieved through mechanical design, additional devices, and control technologies. Future developments are likely to utilize a combination of approaches: optimizing the pump structure while incorporating novel accumulators and intelligent control strategies to create low-pulsation, high-efficiency oil pump systems. This will not only improve the reliability of hydraulic equipment but also meet industry demands for energy conservation and environmental protection.