Diesel Fuel Injection Pump 299050-0021 Engine Auto Engine Part

Abstract

High-pressure oil pumps used in modern diesel and gasoline direct-injection systems are required to operate under increasingly demanding conditions, including elevated temperatures, higher rail pressures, and prolonged heavy-load cycles. These operating environments can lead to thermal accumulation within the pump body, reduced volumetric efficiency, accelerated wear of sliding components, and even vapor formation in the low-pressure chamber. This study investigates the thermal behavior of high-pressure oil pumps under continuous heavy-load operation and proposes strategies for optimizing temperature distribution and improving overall efficiency.

The research begins by constructing a coupled fluid–thermal simulation model to predict heat generation mechanisms within the pump, including frictional heat at the plunger–barrel interface, compression-induced heating of fuel, and losses caused by leakage flow. Experimental bench tests are conducted to validate the model and measure key parameters such as pump-body temperature rise, plunger-seat thermal deformation, and efficiency degradation at oil temperatures between 40°C and 120°C.

Results show that excessive thermal accumulation significantly increases leakage, reduces peak pressure, and alters plunger motion due to thermal expansion. To address these issues, multiple optimization strategies are proposed:

1. Enhanced internal cooling channels designed to improve heat transfer from the plunger chamber.

2. Low-friction coatings such as DLC to reduce sliding heat generation.

3. High-temperature-resistant elastomers to maintain sealing performance at elevated temperatures.

4. Optimized fuel recirculation structures that enhance convective cooling without increasing pump drive torque.

Simulation and experimental comparisons indicate that combining these measures can reduce peak pump temperature by 12–18°C and improve volumetric efficiency by 8–12% under heavy-load conditions. The study demonstrates that thermal management is a key factor affecting the performance and durability of high-pressure oil pumps and provides an engineering basis for the design of next-generation high-efficiency pumps.